Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Wai Kwong Tang
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Keynote: Vascular Factors in Post stroke Depression
Time : 09:00-09:45
Biography:
Wai Kwong Tang was a Professor in the Department of Psychiatry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 2011. His main research areas are Addictions and Neuropsychiatry in Stroke. He has published over 100 papers in renowned journals, and has also contributed to the peer review of 40 journals. He has secured
over 20 major competitive research grants. He has served the Editorial Boards of fi ve scientifi c journals. He was also a recipient of the Young Researcher Award in 2007, awarded by the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Abstract:
Depression is common following an acute stroke. Post-stroke depression (PSD) has notable impacts on the function recovery and quality of life of stroke survivors. Incidence decreased across time aft er stroke, but prevalence of PSD tend to be stable. Vascular factors such as diabetes, hypertension and smoking have been related to the development of PSD. Many studies have explored the association between lesion location and the incidence of PSD. For example, lesions in frontal lobe, basal ganglia and deep white matter have been related with PSD. Furthermore, cerebral micro bleeds and functional changes in brain networks have also been implicated in the development of PSD. In this presentation, evidences of such association between the above structural and functional brain changes and PSD will be reviewed.
Keynote Forum
Erik Matser
Cornell University, Netherlands
Keynote: Post Concussion Syndrome; the silent epidemic
Time : 09:45-10:30
Biography:
Erik Matser has completed his PhD from Maastricht University (2000) and from New York (Cornell University). He is the Director of the Polikliniek Neuropsychologie, a clinic in Netherlands, focused on the treatment of post-concussion syndrome and post whiplash syndrome.He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Member of the Dutch Health Council regarding the topic brain injury in young people.
Abstract:
Epidemiology: Concussion is a leading public health problem affecting mostly young people (peak prevalence 0-4 years and 15-24 years). The number of young people who incur concussions is enormous. The general incidence of TBI in developed countries is frequently stated to be 200 per 100,000 populations at risk per year. This estimate typically includes only patients admitted to hospitals resulting in underestimation of the frequency of mild TBI and overestimation of the proportion of more severe TBI. But looking at the number of mild TBI in sports astonishing numbers are presented in literature. Only in sports there is an estimated 1.6 to 3.8 million sport-related concussions each year in the United States. In professional soccer, 2 out of 11 players are concussed every season, the same numbers account for American football. Research showed us that out of those millions of concussions annually, 15% of the concussed people will develop post-concussion syndrome or PCS. The movie ‘concussion’ featuring Will Smith made the problem clear to the general public.
Post-concussion Syndrome: Post-concussion syndrome, or PCS, is a set of symptoms that may continue for weeks, months, or a year or more aft er a concussion. The condition is associated with a wide range of symptoms: pain sensations such as headache; energy loss and being easily fatigued after physical or cognitive exercises; cognitive impairments, such as difficulty concentrating, memory loss, slowing down of information processing, difficulties in initiating and sustaining cognitive processes (problems with ‘energizing’); and emotional changes; frustration, sadness and irritability. Why some people do and some do not develop
PCS aft er commotio cerebri has both biological and psychological causes. Studies using positron emission tomography have linked PCS to a reduction in glucose use by the brain. Changes in cerebral blood fl ow have also been observed as long as three years aft er a concussion in studies using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). At least one study with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown diff erences in brain function during tasks involving memory after MTBI, although they did not examine PCS specifically. Additional studies have shown, using various MRI techniques (such as diff use tensor imaging (DTI) MRI), that individuals with PCS have various abnormalities in their brain structure. Similar findings have recently been reported in soldiers with blast-induced mTBI/PCS. Psychological causes for continuation of PCS complaints are psychological stressors in diff erent life domains like pending litigation, chronic stress, attachment disorders, perfectionism, anxiety and depression.
Treatment: Physicians refer about 40% for psychological consultation. A review of controlled treatment outcome studies conducted over the past 2 decades in Scandinavia, Great Britain, Canada, and the United States suggests that early single session treatment can prevent the syndrome. Treatment approaches depend on the clinician’s ability to diff erentiate among the various conditions associated with PCS. Early education (insight in complaints aft er MTBI), lifestyle information, cognitive behavioral therapy, and aerobic exercise therapy have shown effi cacy in certain patients.
- Applications of Psychosomatic Medicine | Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry | Educational Psychiatry | Treatment of Psychosomatic Disorder
Chair
Sanjay Siddhartha
Dalhousie University, Canada
Session Introduction
Erik Matser
Cornell University, Netherlands
Title: Talent identifi cation and talent optimization
Biography:
Erik Matser has completed his PhD from Maastricht University (2000) and from New York (Cornell University). He is the Director of the Polikliniek Neuropsychologie, a clinic in Netherlands, focused on the treatment of post-concussion syndrome and post whiplash syndrome. He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Member of the Dutch Health Council regarding the topic brain injury in young people.
Abstract:
Talent identification and talent optimization are important topics in the world of sports, music and business. It has been proven that practice leads to better accomplishments and that, due to practice otherwise known as deliberate practice, actual changes occur in the brain. Th is fact has become known as the ’10 year rule’: training or practicing during the course of a period of 10 years
cause a signifi cant improvement in accomplishments and with that also changes in brain tissue. However, if all team members live and train in the same context i.e. each following the same amount of training time as well as the same eating pattern and each spend equal amounts of time sleeping, how is it possible that one member achieves a higher level of performance than the other. This article will not only shed light on the learning processes that improve performance, it will also present an idea (or defi nition) of what talent
is. Talent is the explanation for why some achieve more than others (under the same learning conditions). Top-talents present with an extraordinarily high standard of cognitive skills, primarily in the areas of visual information processing speed and workingmemory. Aside from these cognitive skills, the motivational profi le of these top-talents was also mapped. It seems that they have certain personality traits at their disposal which enable excellent achievements. In combining excellent cognitive skills with a specific
motivational profi le, the chances of success are increased. Identifying and optimizing top-talent is a unique process in which clinical neuropsychology seems to be gaining a role of ever increasing importance.Conclusion To belong to the best in the world and to be able to compete with them, several ingredients can be extracted from the nature-nurture discussion which seem essential in predicting success. Although many hours of specifi c training focussed on changing brain tissue are necessary to achieve a certain skill, it seems that intellectual, cognitive and congenital characteristics play an equally
important part. Neuropsychological research demonstrates this point, using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. When people with certain skills (talent) are selected, a training programme should be carried out which will support optimal development of brain tissue, which in turn will optimize the functionality of the skill system being trained. With this in mind one should base one’s conclusions on the principles of scientifi c literature on learning. A clinical talent identifi cation and talent optimization neuropsychologist can be deployed when identifying and optimizing talent as well as composing a specific team culture and aligning different characters to form the most desirable combination for a top-class team.
Lolowa A. Al Mekaini
United Arab Emirates University, UAE
Title: Expressive Language Screening of Preschool Children in United Arab Emirates
Biography:
Lolowa A Al Mekaini works to integrate her professional experience to achieve evidence based best practice standards. Her mission is to meet the expectations
of UAE students, patients and stakeholders in providing high quality medical care across the Emirate. This message was communicated through multiple
communication forums, teaching, patient and staff education, competency development, and the engagement of workforce. Her passion focused on wellbeing of children and related research’s. She holds the position of Co-Director for the Al Ain Family Medicine Residency Program (2004-2010) and Family Medicine Consultant in Pediatric department at UAE University (recently). She is practicing as a Family Medicine Consultant. She was assigned to Regional Director of Ambulatory Health Centers (2012-2014). This includes management oversight of thirteen ambulatory clinics across the Eastern region of Abu Dhabi- UAE.
Abstract:
Language disorders in United Arab Emirates’ (UAE) children are underdiagnosed and their impact on children’s behavior and
emotional development is oft en overlooked. Th e aim of this study is to evaluate expressive language development in UAE preschool
children and its correlation with behavior syndromes. Total of 152 UAE toddlers (18-35 months of age) participated in the study. Two screening instruments developed by the University of Vermont were adapted linguistically and culturally before being used for data collection; (1) Language development survey for age 18-35 months; and (2) Child behavior checklist for ages 1.5-5.
Th e informant was the mother (76%). Majority of all informants were females (53%). Th e mean age (SD) of the enrolled children was 25.9 (4.8) months (median 25.9). Th ere were no signifi cant diff erences in the total vocabulary scores according to the source of information (p=0.4). No signifi cant diff erence in the total vocabulary scores (Fig.1) was found between males and females (p=0.3). The vocabulary count was signifi cant higher in females at all age groups: (56.1%, p=0.05) for body part, (69.9%, p=0.064) for places and
(53.9%, p=0.08) for clothes. Food and actions words were recorded with a higher frequency (Fig. 2). Percentage of normal vocabulary percentile score decreased with increasing age. Around 50% of children in all age group had a minimum normal vocabulary count (Table 1).Premature birth (14.9%) and a positive family history of language delay (16%) were associated with a 10% lower vocabulary score (p=0.07 and 0.09, respectively). There was a signifi cant correlation between total vocabulary scores and behavior outcomes
(externalizing syndrome, attention defi cit hyperactivity problems, and oppositional defi ant problems, p<0.001). Externalizing and oppositional defiant abnormalities were associated with a higher vocabulary score. This cross-sectional community-based study is the first objective assessment of UAE pre- school expressive language development.
Biography:
Timothy Barrett has graduated from the University of the West Indies in 1974 and did his General Practice until 1986. He has studied Psychiatry in Manchester, England under the supervision of Professors D Goldberg, N Kessel and E Szabadi. He received his MSc (Psych) from the University of Manchester, School of Medicine, in 1992. He has authored and co-authored several research papers. He is an Associate Lecturer at the UWISCMR Bahamas, is currently in private practice as well as a Consultant Psychiatrist for the Public Hospitals Authority in Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry.
Abstract:
Physician leadership is very important, especially in the health care services industry and hospitals. Traditionally the doctor or physician was the acclaimed leader who the rest of the staff , the community and the political directorate looked to and depended upon for vision and guidance in setting up clinical as well as community programs for the nation’s health. Gradually, over the past 30 or so years, the business of medicine has emerged which requires a diff erent knowledge base and skill set which the physician lacks and so the shift to non-physician administrators began and continues. For us as physicians, to address this reality is crucial to re-establishing physician leadership that is effective and focuses on the issues we know to be most important to our patients and the health of the communities we serve. Th is speech addresses some basic flaws and failings but also makes suggestions as to how we can become the effective physician leader for today.
Ayaa Siddig Abdelrahman Ali
University of Khartoum, Sudan
Title: The Nature and Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in a Sudanese Juvenile Correctional Facility
Biography:
Ayaa Siddig Abdelrahman Ali is a Medical graduate and has graduated in 2016 with the Bagdadi prize for best overall academic performance and Lord Kitchener’s prize for best academic performance in the sixth year of medical school along with other academic prizes.
Abstract:
Background: High morbidity of mental disorders among juvenile off enders has been confi rmed by several studies, thus challenging both the juvenile justice system and the mental health system. Data from developed countries may not refl ect the situation in lowincome countries and therefore cannot form a basis for intervention. No similar study has been done in Sudan.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among incarcerated youth in Al-Juref juvenile correctional facility.
Method: All juveniles (forty eight) were studied utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Data was collected by the principal investigator using a socio-demographic questionnaire and the MINI-KID 6.0. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package of social sciences program v.20.
Results: Most respondents were males (46) with a mean age of fi ft een (±1.6 years SD). Most were living with both parents (75%) and were school dropouts (41.7%). Th e majority were arrested for theft (33.3%) and rape (29.2%). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high (60.4%) with conduct disorder (CD) being the most common (47.9%), followed by anxiety disorders (31.1%) and major depressive disorder (14.6%). Comorbid psychiatric disorders rate was high (31%). Even aft er subtracting CD, prevalence was still
common (39%).
Conclusion & Recommendations: New information can help mental health providers and policy makers in the juvenile justice
system make eff ective interventions in provision of mental health services. I recommend clinical assessment for juveniles when they
appear at court and training of workers in the justice system on how to detect features of psychopathology.